April 29, 2025

1. Why Does Inner Wall Smoothness Matter? 2. Scientific Analysis of PPR Pipe Smoothness 3. Quantified Impact on Water Flow Smoothness Level Friction Coefficient λ Head Loss (m/100m) Annual Energy Increase Ultra-smooth (Ra≤0.2μm) 0.012-0.014 1.8-2.2 <3% Standard (Ra≤0.4μm) 0.014-0.017 2.5-3.1 3-6% Rough (Ra>0.6μm) 0.018+ 3.5+ >8% 4. Real-world Validation Cases 5. IFAN’s Solution 6. How […]